Supply And Demand Of Durian In Malaysia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Supply And Demand Of Durian In Malaysia. Answer: Presentation Durian is one of the most preferred tropical natural products on the planet. Durian creation is for the most part found in Southeast Asian nations particularly in nations getting a charge out of tropical atmosphere, for example, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines. This is an organic product, which is green to brown in shading, round fit as a fiddle and secured totally with sharp royal positions. This has an assortment of employments. Notwithstanding immediate utilization, handled durian is utilized into pastilles, jams, for enhancing cakes, dessert and rolls.The eatable piece of durian is solidified and stuffed in polystyrene plate. Durian is of extraordinary financial significance in these nations as a result of its incentive in residential and trade showcase. The inferred send out potential is acknowledged from natural contrasts between nations prompting enhanced organic product plan among nations. The broadly broadened trade showcase particularly that of Asia opens up h igh open door for durian industry. The paper basically talks about durian industry in Malaysia. The short run and since a long time ago run gracefully and request of durian in Malaysia is talked about. Today China comprises an appeal for Malaysian Durian. Numerous visitors from China visit Malaysia to taste Durian. The quickly developing interest of durian in China it one of biggest merchant of Durians from Malaysia. Durian Industry in Malaysia Durian gracefully But Singapore practically all Southeast Asian nations produces Durians. The promoting of durian in these nations center both around the nearby and global market to fulfill household and universal need. As far as volume of production,Malaysia stands second, next after Thailand (Amekawa et al., 2017). In slow time of year when there is lack of durian flexibly in Malaysia then it imports Durian from Thailand to satisfy local interest. So as to have completely developed durian it needs one to two months for blossoms to form into completely natural product. Durian is delivered in various districts of Malaysia. In West Malaysia, there are two seasons for fruiting. It is developed during south west and north east rainstorm or both. In West Malaysia the flexibly of durian is separated into three locale. North Region The north district zone covers states like Kedah, Penang, Perils and northern Perak. These states have wet climate during August to November and a dry climate is acknowledged during December to February. The blooming timing in these districts is January to March. A short drought in June frequently gives a subsequent blooming season during July or August. In any case, this relies upon region and power. In the north locale the principle durian reaping season is June July. Some neighborhoods in Seberang Jaya has gathering season in the late of April. In the Penang Island and a portion of the eastern locale the collecting seasons begins in May (Arshad Hameed, 2014). In this harvest cycle it tops in July and winds up in August. The durian season in Northern Peraks is by and large in June. West, Central and South Region These area involve southern Perak, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Johore, Selangor and Malacca. There are two droughts in these districts. One is during January February for two three weeks and the other is from October to December. Subsequently, there are two blooming seasons-February to April and July to September. There are two natural product seasons too. One is from June to August. The other is for a moderately little time of December-January (Daud Mokhtar, 2017). The primary areas in these zones are BalikPulau in Penang, Jasin in Malacca, BatuPahat in Johore, Parit, BatangPedangin Perak and Kuala Kangsar. There is one durian season in Jerantut. This is in December-January. The East Coast The east coast is extended from Kelantan in north and stretch to down through Terengganu and incorporate the beach front zones of Pahang to Kota Tinggi in Johore. In the east coast locale, durians are become distinctly in one season. July to September is the primary season for Durian collecting here with blooming season being in the middle of March and June. In the principal half of North East Monsoon, there is a wet climate. The length of north east storm is from October to January. The climate is respectably dry in the remainder of the year. In the east Malaysia, the durian season stretched out among June and August. In Sabah, there is a generally little durian season in November and December (Masrol et al., 2017). The durians created in these two conditions of east Malaysia are mostly utilized for fulfilling nearby need. These two states don't send out. The evaluated creation of durians in the most recent decade was 128,555 metric tons, which rose to 180,715 metric tons. The assessed zone for durian ranch is 48,000 of every 1988. The expanding interest for tropical natural product requires more land to be brought under development. So as to expands gracefully in the long runthe assessed land zone has expanded to 68,000 hector (Krishnen et al., 2016). In any case, expanding territory under development isn't adequate for raising the durians. The harvests relies upon the measure of precipitation and other common factor. At the point when flexibly missed the mark regarding request, at that point cost consequently goes up. As of late, Malaysia faces an issue of gracefully lack for durians. The low gather is the aftereffect of overwhelming precipitation. The reap locales are not accepting high precipitation. This hampers durian creation. The scaled down gracefully of durians given its interest legitimately influence the cost. The household customer presently confronting over the top value climb. One famous classification of durian is Musang King Durian, privately known as Mao Shan Wang has been sold at a recorded significant expense of RM100 per kg. In view of wet climate condition, durian trees think that its hard to hold up under blossoms. Bearing blossoms requires dry climate for at any rate one month or two. The ranchers are stress ed as gathering can't be improved in any event, utilizing compost. The Chemical compost can't resolve the issue of negative climate condition. Durian request The Malaysian Durians are traded around the world. Aside from residential interest, there is popularity of durian send out. The makers and exporters of Durians in Malaysia mostly focus on the European market. From the side of market request, the biggest interest are originating from United Kingdom. France and Germany follow UK as far as request (Chamhuri Batt, 2015). Today China establishes colossal interest for Durian. China gets probably the biggest shipper of durian in nowadays. China imported about 299 thousand tones Durian from Malaysia and Thailand. This figure does exclude durian glue and different items. The sum about equivalent to the whole creation of Malaysian Durian. In China, Durian positions fourth in Chinas organic product import. The import request raises at a yearly development pace of 12 percent and the valuation increments by 31 percent (www.themalaysianinsight.com, 2017). The developing interest from China urges ranchers in Malaysia to fare to Chinas advertise. Numerous visitor from China come Malaysia and visits ranch there. As of late, ranchers in Singapore report that Malaysian ranchers are trading a significant portion of their creation to China. This makes trouble for Singapore Durian darlings. Travelers from China visits Malaysian market and purchase the ruler of organic product (www.thesundaily.my, 2017). Request and flexibly powers in the market decide the market cost. At the point when request surpasses flexibly then cost increments. This is the thing that occurs in the market for Durian. Expanding rivalry for durian is making upward weight on costs. As Malaysia currently imports a greater amount of their reaped durians to China, dealers in Singapore face a gracefully lack on account of diminished flexibly of imported durians. The low gracefully makes durians increasingly costly in Singapore. With this portion of Singapore in the Durian market of Malaysia is may be contracting. The interest help in China likewise influences the household cost of durian in Malaysia. Ranchers in Malaysia are currently increasingly intrigued to send out their created and builds their profit. As more durians are exportedabroad, the household advertise faces a deficiency of flexibly and purchasers needs to follow through on a significant expense in Malaysia. Cost of Durians in Malaysia has expanded to an anomalous significant level. The best assortment of durians around the world, Musang King is sold at a cost of RM90 per kg in June from a scope of RM60 RM 68 for each kg in April. The other factor answerable for significant expense is the slow time of year of creation. Be that as it may, a year ago this time cost was RM-50. The durian cost is controlled by the factor of interest and season. Thailand Hong Xia is another well known kind of Durian. The cost of this assortment is just RM30 per kg (www.producereport.com, 2017). The moderately low cost of this assortment is a direct r esult of the generally low interest. For the most part, Durian are accessible in West Malaysia in May to August. Be that as it may, this year Malaysia needs to sit tight for a relatively extensive stretch until November in view of overwhelming precipitation. The volume of fare of Durians is required to go past 70 million RM. China alone is liable for dominant part of fare from Malaysia. A year ago durian trade volume was 60 million RM, a figure higher than RM 33 million contrasted with the earlier year. The Chairman of FAMA urges the plantation proprietors to bring their creation up because of popularity in the abroad market. The interest for Musang King Durian is the most noteworthy. Consequently, the ranchers are urged to plant along these lines assortment of organic product. So as to keep up balance among gracefully and request Malaysia builds up a flexibly chain the board. The business faces exceptional rivalry came about because of immersion of market, centralization of the piece of the overall industry, disposal of section and exchange obstructions (Wei, 2016). The country gives center around creating continuous relationship purchasers and providers in the flexibly chain. The durian visit to Malaysia mirrors the likelihood that durian ranchers in Malaysia can win a high pay in the event that they can isolate into send out market and gracefully the privately created high caliber. The characteristic monopo

What I Hope to Get Out of a Wealth and Trust Degree - 550 Words

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Reflective Essay - 1072 Words

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Competitive Strategy of Sony and Nissan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy of Sony and Nissan. Answer: Introduction The report provides an insight into the success faced by top business organisations in achieving its objectives. In order to understand the techniques, the examples of Sony and Nissan has been taken into consideration. The theories used by the organisations are also analysed in this report. About Sony Sony is a Japanese multinational company situated in Tokyo. Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita set up the company in 1946. Sony manufactures electronic products for the satisfaction of customers. It is one of the leading manufacturers in the manufacturing industry and is ranked 113th on the Fortune Global 500 list. It not only provides electronic products but also provides gaming devices, equipment for entertainment and financial services. The managerial techniques of the company have kept it among the top brands for 71 years in the industry. Due to this Sony has been chosen in order to understand the ways to attain and maintain success for such a long time (Sony.net 2017). Achievement through innovation by Sony In order to achieve success in business, it is necessary for most companies to adopt theories and ethics that benefit the organisation (Burke 2017). Hence, changes are often required in the organisational structure and its setup. The changes are required to be implemented in order to accommodate space and time for innovation. The innovation can be in the form of manufacturing and selling of a product, a price set for the product, place of sells or promotion technique. This helps an organisation to understand the market environment and formulate strategies based on this analysis (Armstrong et al. 2015). For a company like Sony, the formulation of strategies is important to maintain a competitive edge over its rivals. Rival companies like Panasonic, Nintendo and Microsoft manufacture similar items as done by Sony. Hence, in order to maintain a firm foothold in the market, it is necessary that the company analyse the competitors and formulate innovative strategies. The application of in novative techniques in the products has helped Sony to become a household name. The fact that the company had taken initiative to change its products proved to be the first key point for the organisation. The idea developed because of this initiative was implemented in order to provide uniqueness to the product. For example, Sony manufactures PlayStation in order to satisfy the customers interested in games. However, other companies such as Nintendo and Microsoft also manufactures this type of product. Hence, according to Hanssens et al. (2014), in order to gain an edge over the rivals, Sony needs to develop the product in such a way that it makes the products the best in the market. Hence, the tactics adopted by the company was to manufacture joysticks required to play the game. This provided a recognisable change in the selling of the product. Customers got the PlayStation, games as well as a joystick to control the game. Hence, these innovation tactics of adding an extra product and the implementation of this tactics helped Sony maintain its reputation and become a fierce competitor in the manufacturing of this product. Thus, this is the reason behind the success of Sony in the international market. Due to this reason, Sony has been able to remain on the market for 71 years without receiv ing much threat from its competitors. About Nissan Nissan is a car manufacturing company headquartered in Japan. The company was founded in 1933 and is now a globally reputed organisation that manufactures stylish and innovative cars. Despite its many competitors, Nissan the production output and the revenue of the company have increased since its inception. One of the main reasons for the success of Nissan is the fact that the company believes in the innovation of products. It benchmarks its works and the works of its competitors in order to maintain the consistency of its success. The reason behind the choice of Nissan is based on its ability to innovate and provide satisfaction to the customers (Nissan-global.com 2017). Achievement through innovation by Nissan According to Kraus et al. (2016), in a car manufacturing company innovation is one of the essential aspects. This needs to be done keeping in mind the level of competitors and the customer satisfaction that exists in the market. Customers expect innovation based on the way by which a vehicle is presented. Hence, the innovation needs to be unique and can satisfy the customers. In order to achieve this, the implementation of changes in the organisation and the mindset of the employees are required. In the case of Nissan, the imitation to change or provide innovation to its product can help it to overcome its rivals (Lewin 2013). Nissan faces stiff competition from Chevrolet, Maruti Suzuki, Volkswagen and many others. Hence, it is necessary for the company to continuously make an innovation to its product and ensure that it is not similar to the rival companies. For example, Nissan can provide a benchmark for the employees. The benchmark product may be its own creation or from other companies. This can help it to understand the level needed to be achieved in order to improve reputation in the market. In the current scenario, Nissan has a continuous growth in the car market. With the increase of revenue and other taxes, the company have come up with many innovative ideas that can help in increasing the reputation of the company. Hence, the new products such as X-Trail Hybrid and Qashqai are innovative models that meet the requirements of the customers. With a reasonable price, these cars can help it to gain a competitive advantage over the rivals. Hence, the technique of benchmarking can help in the proper innovation of products based on customer satisfaction (Shirey 2013). The fact that the company operates under subsidiaries also provide a competitive edge for Nissan. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that every business organisation needs to implement proper managerial and innovative theories in order to gain a competitive advantage in the market. Successful companies like Sony and Nissan implement these techniques in order to maintain its reputation and satisfy customers with its innovative tactics. Bibliography Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., and Brennan, R. 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Burke, W. W. 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Hanssens, D. M., Pauwels, K. H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M., and Yildirim, G. 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp. 534-550. Kraus, S., Meier, F., Eggers, F., Bouncken, R. B., and Schuessler, F. 2016. Standardisation vs. adaption: a conjoint experiment on the influence of psychic, cultural and geographical distance on international marketing mix decisions.European Journal of International Management,10(2), pp. 127-156. Lewin, K. 2013.A dynamic theory of personality-selected papers. Read Books Ltd. Nissan-global.com, (2017).Nissan Motor Corporation Global Website. [online] Nissan-global.com. Available at: https://www.nissan-global.com/EN/index.html [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Shirey, M. R. 2013. Lewins theory of planned change as a strategic resource.Journal of Nursing Administration,43(2), pp. 69-72. Sony.net. (2017).Sony Global - Sony Global Headquarters. [online] Available at: https://www.sony.net/ [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017].

School Vouchers The Wrong Choice Essays - Education Economics

School Vouchers: The Wrong Choice School Vouchers: The Wrong Choice Susie is a young girl who lives in Florida. Since kindergarten, she has attended a nearby private school. Her parents willingly pay her tuition, even though doing so forces them to cut other corners. They do not mind these sacrifices, since they know that their daughter is getting the best education they can give her. Jesse lives downtown, in the inner city. She attends the local public school and struggles through her classes. Her mother would like to send her to a private school, where there is less violence and a calmer atmosphere, but cannot afford it. Then, Jesses mother learns that a voucher system has put into place for the entire state of Florida. Jesses inner city, spray-painted elementary school received a failing status, so she can receive a voucher to attend the school of her choice. With the money she receives from the voucher, Jesses mother is able to send her daughter to the same private school that Susie attends. Is it fair that Susies parents pinch pennies while Jesses mother send her on the bus for free? While meaning well, does the voucher system inadvertently discriminate against children like Susie whose parents must work extra hours to put their children through private school? Is the voucher system really the answer to the problems with American education today, or a way to transfer them somewhere else? American public schools have always had their flaws. In the nineteenth century, colleges complained of under-prepared freshmen; students who could not write an essay or even spell. A main controversy was bilingual education for newly naturalized immigrants. As America entered the early 1900s, the debate turned to the use of entertainment in the classroom. Teachers felt that they must put on a show in order to keep the attention of their pupils. The abandonment of phonics in the 1920s and 30s was believed to be the reason why the job market consisted of those with inadequate educational preparation. Social promotion and the replacement of the three Rs with emotional stability and attitude courses were the causes of concern in the 1940s. The 1950s brought an awareness of low standards. It was found that American children were lagging behind the average standards of the rest of the world. Safety in schools also became an issue; incoming teachers were warned of the physical courage neces sary to teach. Illiteracy became the main focus on the 1960s and 70s. Phonics (or the lack thereof) was once again to blame (Rothstein 2). Now, at the beginning of a new century, what problems have been fixed? Illiteracy is still high, American standards are still low, and graduates are still unprepared. Each generation feels that schools are worse than the generation before. America has been attempting to solve the problems with its education system for 200 years, but nothing has changed. According to Rothstein: Schools are not up to the task of readying young people for the challenges of the next century. An apparently watered down curriculum ensures that all students, regardless of whether they have mastered necessary skills, can graduate. Social promotion without requirements to master grade-appropriate skills is now commonplace, so even elite colleges must run remedial courses for freshmen in basic math and literacy, and business executives complain that high school graduates are ill-prepared for even relatively unskilled jobs (2). Are these complaints not the same ones that appeared a century ago? Improvement is desperately needed, but where should it start? Cleveland, Milwaukee, and the state of Florida have suggested an answer: a school voucher system. Voucher proponents believe that the system which they support is a starting place. Voucher proponents across the nation believe that through this program, which places the burden of improvement upon schools, progress can be made. The voucher system recently implemented in Florida is built around competition. The public schools have standards which they must uphold. Each year the state gives each school a letter grade which rates that schools ability to keep the given standards. If the school receives an F, it stands to lose a great deal of its student body because of vouchers. This failing grade qualifies the children enrolled in the school to participate in the

Evidence for American Human Settlement Before Clovis

Evidence for American Human Settlement Before Clovis Pre-Clovis culture is a term used by archaeologists to refer to what is considered by most scholars (see discussion below) the founding populations of the Americas. The reason they are called pre-Clovis, rather than some more specific term, is that the culture remained controversial for some 20 years after their first discovery. Up until the identification of pre-Clovis, the first absolutely agreed-upon culture in the Americas was a Paleoindian culture called Clovis, after the type site discovered in New Mexico in the 1920s. Sites identified as Clovis were occupied between ~13,400-12,800  calendar years ago (cal BP), and the sites reflected a fairly uniform living strategy, that of predation on now-extinct megafauna, including mammoths, mastodons, wild horses, and bison, but supported by smaller game and plant foods. There was always a small contingent of the Americanist scholars who supported claims of archaeological sites of ages dating between 15,000 to as much 100,000 years ago: but these were few, and the evidence was deeply flawed. It is useful to bear in mind that Clovis itself as a Pleistocene culture was widely disparaged when it was first announced in the 1920s. Changing Minds However, beginning in the 1970s or so, sites predating Clovis began to be discovered in North America (such as Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Cactus Hill), and South America (Monte Verde). These sites, now classified Pre-Clovis, were a few thousand years older than Clovis, and they seemed to identify a broader-range lifestyle, more approaching Archaic period hunter-gatherers. Evidence for any pre-Clovis sites remained widely discounted among mainstream archaeologists until about 1999  when a conference in Santa Fe, New Mexico called Clovis and Beyond was held presenting some of the emerging evidence. One fairly recent discovery appears to link the Western Stemmed Tradition, a stemmed point stone tool complex in the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau to pre-Clovis and the Pacific Coast Migration Model. Excavations at Paisley Cave in Oregon have recovered radiocarbon dates and DNA from human coprolites which predate Clovis. Pre-Clovis Lifestyles Archaeological evidence from pre-Clovis sites continues to grow. Much of what these sites contain suggests the pre-Clovis people had a lifestyle that was based on a combination of hunting, gathering, and fishing. Evidence for pre-Clovis use of bone tools, and for the use of nets and fabrics has also been discovered. Rare sites indicate that pre-Clovis people sometimes lived in clusters of huts. Much of the evidence seems to suggest a marine lifestyle, at least along the coastlines; and some sites within the interior show a partial reliance on large-bodied mammals. Research also focuses on migration pathways into the Americas. Most archaeologists still favor the Bering Strait crossing from northeastern Asia: climatic events of that era restricted entry into Beringia and out of Beringia and into the North American continent. For pre-Clovis, the Mackenzie River Ice-Free Corridor was not open early enough. Scholars have hypothesized instead that the earliest colonists followed the coastlines to enter and explore the Americas, a theory known as the Pacific Coast Migration Model  (PCMM) Continuing Controversy Although evidence supporting the PCMM and the existence of pre-Clovis has grown since 1999, few coastal Pre-Clovis sites have been found to date. Coastal sites are likely inundated since the sea level has done nothing but rise since the Last Glacial Maximum. In addition, there are some scholars within the academic community who remain skeptical about pre-Clovis. In 2017, a special issue of the journal Quaternary International based on a 2016 symposium at the Society for American Archaeology meetings presented several arguments dismissing pre-Clovis theoretical underpinnings. Not all the papers denied pre-Clovis sites, but several did. Among the papers, some of the scholars asserted that Clovis was, in fact, the first colonizers of the Americas and that genomic studies of the Anzick burials (which share DNA with modern Native American groups) prove that. Others suggest that the Ice-Free Corridor would still have been usable if unpleasant entryway for the earliest colonists. Still others argue that the Beringian standstill hypothesis is incorrect and that there simply were no people in the Americas prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Archaeologist Jesse Tune and colleagues have suggested that all of the so-called pre-Clovis sites are made up of geo-facts, micro-debitage too small to be confidently assigned to human manufacture.   It is undoubtedly true that pre-Clovis sites are still relatively few in number compared to Clovis. Further, pre-Clovis technology seems extremely varied, especially compared to Clovis which is so strikingly identifiable. Occupation dates on pre-Clovis sites vary between 14,000 cal BP to 20,000 and more. Thats an issue that needs to be addressed.   Who Accepts What? It is difficult to say today what percentage of archaeologists or other scholars support pre-Clovis as a reality versus Clovis First arguments. In 2012, anthropologist Amber Wheat conducted a systematic survey of 133 scholars about this issue. Most (67 percent) were prepared to accept the validity of at least one of the pre-Clovis sites (Monte Verde). When asked about migratory paths, 86 percent selected the coastal migration path and 65 percent the ice-free corridor. A total of 58 percent said people arrived in the American continents before 15,000 cal BP, which implies by definition pre-Clovis. In short, Wheats survey, despite what has been said to the contrary, suggests that in 2012, most scholars in the sample were willing to accept some evidence for pre-Clovis, even if it wasnt an overwhelming majority or whole-hearted support. Since that time, most of the published scholarship on pre-Clovis has been on the new evidence, rather than disputing their validity. Surveys are a snapshot of the moment, and the research into coastal sites has not stood still since that time. Science moves slowly, one might even say glacially, but it does move. Sources Braje, Todd J., et al. Finding the First Americans. Science 358.6363 (2017): 592–94. Print.de Saint Pierre, Michelle. Antiquity of mtDNA Lineage D1g from the Southern Cone of South America Supports Pre-Clovis Migration. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 19–25. Print.Eren, Metin I., et al. Refuting the Technological Cornerstone of the Ice-Age Atlantic Crossing Hypothesis. Journal of Archaeological Science 40.7 (2013): 2934-41. Print.Erlandson, Jon M. After Clovis-First Collapsed: Reimagining the Peopling of the Americas. Paleoamerican Odyssey. Eds. Graf, Kelly E., C.V. Ketron and Michael R. Waters. College Station: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas AM, 2013. 127-32. Print.Faught, Michael K. Where Was the Paleoamerind Standstill? Quaternary International 444 (2017): 10–18. Print.Fiedel, Stuart J. The Anzick Genome Proves Clovis Is First, after All. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 4–9. Print.Halligan, Jessi J., et al. Pre-Clovis Occup ation 14,550 Years Ago at the Page-Ladson Site, Florida, and the Peopling of the Americas. Science Advances 2.e1600375 (2016). Print. Jenkins, Dennis L., et al. Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves. Science 337 (2012): 223–28. Print.Llamas, Bastien, Kelly M. Harkins, and Lars Fehren-Schmitz. Genetic Studies of the Peopling of the Americas: What Insights Do Diachronic Mitochondrial Genome Datasets Provide? Quaternary International 444 (2017): 26–35. Print.Morrow, Juliet E. After Anzick: Reconciling New Genomic Data and Models with the Archaeological Evidence for Peopling of the Americas. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 1–3. Print.Potter, Ben A., et al. Early Colonization of Beringia and Northern North America: Chronology, Routes, and Adaptive Strategies. Quaternary International 444 (2017): 36–55. Print.Scott, G. Richard, et al. Sinodonty, Sundadonty, and the Beringian Standstill Model: Issues of Timing and Migrations into the New World. Quaternary International 466 (2018): 233–46. Print.Shillito, Lisa-Marie, et al. New Researc h at Paisley Caves: Applying New Integrated Analytical Approaches to Understanding Stratigraphy, Taphonomy, and Site Formation Processes. PaleoAmerica 4.1 (2018): 82–86. Print. Tune, Jesse W., et al. Assessing the Proposed Pre-Last Glacial Maximum Human Occupation of North America at Coats-Hines-Litchy, Tennessee, and Other Sites. Quaternary Science Reviews 186 (2018): 47–59. Print.Wagner, Daniel P. Cactus Hill, Virginia. Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology. Ed. Gilbert, Allan S. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. 95–95. Print.Wheat, Amber. Survey of Professional Opinions Regarding the Peopling of America. SAA Archaeological Record 12.2 (2012): 10–14. Print.